Rheumatoid Arthritis — Screening of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Interstitial Lung Disease
Citation(s)
Avouac J, Amrouche F, Meune C, Rey G, Kahan A, Allanore Y Mortality profile of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in France and its change in 10 years. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017 Apr;46(5):537-543. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.10.007. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
Dai Y, Wang W, Yu Y, Hu S Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Apr;40(4):1211-1220. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05320-z. Epub 2020 Aug 13. Review.
England BR, Hershberger D Management issues in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2020 May;32(3):255-263. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000703. Review.
Hata A, Yanagawa M, Honda O, Miyata T, Tomiyama N Ultra-low-dose chest computed tomography for interstitial lung disease using model-based iterative reconstruction with or without the lung setting. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 May;98(22):e15936. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015936.
Hodnett PA, Naidich DP Fibrosing interstitial lung disease. A practical high-resolution computed tomography-based approach to diagnosis and management and a review of the literature. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul 15;188(2):141-9. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1544CI. Review.
Kim EJ, Collard HR, King TE Jr Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: the relevance of histopathologic and radiographic pattern. Chest. 2009 Nov;136(5):1397-1405. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0444. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
