Brookman-Amissah E, Moyo JB Abortion law reform in sub-Saharan Africa: no turning back. Reprod Health Matters. 2004 Nov;12(24 Suppl):227-34.
Bull SS, Levine DK, Black SR, Schmiege SJ, Santelli J Social media-delivered sexual health intervention: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2012 Nov;43(5):467-74. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.07.022.
Ceylan A, Ertem M, Saka G, Akdeniz N Post abortion family planning counseling as a tool to increase contraception use. BMC Public Health. 2009 Jan 15;9:20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-20.
Charles VE, Polis CB, Sridhara SK, Blum RW Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence. Contraception. 2008 Dec;78(6):436-50. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.005. Epub 2008 Sep 23. Review.
Cuijpers P Effective ingredients of school-based drug prevention programs. A systematic review. Addict Behav. 2002 Nov-Dec;27(6):1009-23. Review.
Harris GE, Larsen D HIV peer counseling and the development of hope: perspectives from peer counselors and peer counseling recipients. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007 Nov;21(11):843-60. doi: 10.1089/apc.2006.0207.
Ikamari L, Izugbara C, Ochako R Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among women in Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013 Mar 19;13:69. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-69.
Latkin CA, Sherman S, Knowlton A HIV prevention among drug users: outcome of a network-oriented peer outreach intervention. Health Psychol. 2003 Jul;22(4):332-9.
Lightfoot M, Comulada WS, Stover G Computerized HIV preventive intervention for adolescents: indications of efficacy. Am J Public Health. 2007 Jun;97(6):1027-30. Epub 2006 May 2.
Magadi MA Unplanned childbearing in Kenya: the socio-demographic correlates and the extent of repeatability among women. Soc Sci Med. 2003 Jan;56(1):167-78.
Oyieke JB, Obore S, Kigondu CS Millennium development goal 5: a review of maternal mortality at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J. 2006 Jan;83(1):4-9.
Pulerwitz J, Michaelis A, Verma R, Weiss E Addressing gender dynamics and engaging men in HIV programs: lessons learned from Horizons research. Public Health Rep. 2010 Mar-Apr;125(2):282-92.
Steinberg JR, Tschann JM, Furgerson D, Harper CC Psychosocial factors and pre-abortion psychological health: The significance of stigma. Soc Sci Med. 2016 Feb;150:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 12.
Turner G, Shepherd J A method in search of a theory: peer education and health promotion. Health Educ Res. 1999 Apr;14(2):235-47. Review.
Upadhyay UD, Cockrill K, Freedman LR Informing abortion counseling: an examination of evidence-based practices used in emotional care for other stigmatized and sensitive health issues. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Dec;81(3):415-21. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.026.
Yegon EK, Kabanya PM, Echoka E, Osur J Understanding abortion-related stigma and incidence of unsafe abortion: experiences from community members in Machakos and Trans Nzoia counties Kenya. Pan Afr Med J. 2016 Jul 20;24:258. eCollection 2016.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.