Fahey FH, Ziniel SI, Manion D, Baker A, Treves ST Administered Activities in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine and the Impact of the 2010 North American Consensus Guidelines on General Hospitals in the United States. J Nucl Med. 2016 Sep;57(9):1478-85. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.116.172148. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
Grant FD, Gelfand MJ, Drubach LA, Treves ST, Fahey FH Radiation doses for pediatric nuclear medicine studies: comparing the North American consensus guidelines and the pediatric dosage card of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Apr;45(5):706-13. doi: 10.1007/s00247-014-3211-x. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
Treves ST, Gelfand MJ, Fahey FH, Parisi MT 2016 Update of the North American Consensus Guidelines for Pediatric Administered Radiopharmaceutical Activities. J Nucl Med. 2016 Dec;57(12):15N-18N. No abstract available.
Biokinetics Study for Tc-99m MAG3 Dose Reduction in Pediatric Molecular Imaging
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
