Rehabilitation — The Effect of a Sub-symptom Threshold Aerobic Exercise Program on Recovery in Concussed Athletes
Citation(s)
Baker JG, Freitas MS, Leddy JJ, Kozlowski KF, Willer BS Return to full functioning after graded exercise assessment and progressive exercise treatment of postconcussion syndrome. Rehabil Res Pract. 2012;2012:705309. doi: 10.1155/2012/705309. Epub 2012 Jan 16.
Buckley TA, Munkasy BA, Clouse BP Acute Cognitive and Physical Rest May Not Improve Concussion Recovery Time. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2016 Jul-Aug;31(4):233-41. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000165.
Gagnon I, Galli C, Friedman D, Grilli L, Iverson GL Active rehabilitation for children who are slow to recover following sport-related concussion. Brain Inj. 2009 Nov;23(12):956-64. doi: 10.3109/02699050903373477.
Leddy JJ, Willer B Use of graded exercise testing in concussion and return-to-activity management. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013 Nov-Dec;12(6):370-6. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000008. Review.
Maerlender A, Rieman W, Lichtenstein J, Condiracci C Programmed Physical Exertion in Recovery From Sports-Related Concussion: A Randomized Pilot Study. Dev Neuropsychol. 2015;40(5):273-8. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2015.1067706. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
Thomas DG, Apps JN, Hoffmann RG, McCrea M, Hammeke T Benefits of strict rest after acute concussion: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2015 Feb;135(2):213-23. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0966. Epub 2015 Jan 5.
The Effect of a Sub-symptom Threshold Aerobic Exercise Program on Recovery in Concussed Athletes
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
