Rectal Neoplasms — Virtual Ileostomy Versus Conventional Loop Ileostomy
Citation(s)
Baloyiannis I, Perivoliotis K, Diamantis A, Tzovaras G Virtual ileostomy in elective colorectal surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Tech Coloproctol. 2020 Jan;24(1):23-31. doi: 10.1007/s10151-019-02127-2. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
Kim JH, Kim S, Jung SH Fecal diverting device for the substitution of defunctioning stoma: preliminary clinical study. Surg Endosc. 2019 Jan;33(1):333-340. doi: 10.1007/s00464-018-6389-4. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
Tsujinaka S, Suzuki H, Miura T, Sato Y, Shibata C Obstructive and secretory complications of diverting ileostomy. World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Dec 21;28(47):6732-6742. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6732.
Zenger S, Gurbuz B, Can U, Balik E, Yalti T, Bugra D Comparative study between ghost ileostomy and defunctioning ileostomy in terms of morbidity and cost-effectiveness in low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2021 Mar;406(2):339-347. doi: 10.1007/s00423-021-02089-w. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
