Al-Sukhni E, Milot L, Fruitman M, Beyene J, Victor JC, Schmocker S, Brown G, McLeod R, Kennedy E Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for assessment of T category, lymph node metastases, and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Jul;19(7):2212-23. doi: 10.1245/s10434-011-2210-5. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
Bang JI, Ha S, Kang SB, Lee KW, Lee HS, Kim JS, Oh HK, Lee HY, Kim SE Prediction of neoadjuvant radiation chemotherapy response and survival using pretreatment [(18)F]FDG PET/CT scans in locally advanced rectal cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016 Mar;43(3):422-31. doi: 10.1007/s00259-015-3180-9. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
Brown GT, Cash B, Alnabulsi A, Samuel LM, Murray GI The expression and prognostic significance of bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 in rectal cancer following neoadjuvant therapy. Histopathology. 2016 Mar;68(4):556-66. doi: 10.1111/his.12780. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
Gillies RJ, Kinahan PE, Hricak H Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data. Radiology. 2016 Feb;278(2):563-77. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169. Epub 2015 Nov 18.
McClelland D, Murray GI A Comprehensive Study of Extramural Venous Invasion in Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 15;10(12):e0144987. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144987. eCollection 2015.
Parnaby CN, Scott NW, Ramsay G, MacKay C, Samuel L, Murray GI, Loudon MA Prognostic value of lymph node ratio and extramural vascular invasion on survival for patients undergoing curative colon cancer resection. Br J Cancer. 2015 Jul 14;113(2):212-9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.211. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, Williams NS Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet. 1986 Nov 1;2(8514):996-9.
Smith N, Brown G Preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Acta Oncol. 2008;47(1):20-31. Review.
Vignali A, De Nardi P Multidisciplinary treatment of rectal cancer in 2014: where are we going? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug 28;20(32):11249-61. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11249. Review.
Yip SS, Aerts HJ Applications and limitations of radiomics. Phys Med Biol. 2016 Jul 7;61(13):R150-66. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/13/R150. Epub 2016 Jun 8. Review.
The New Challenge of Decoding Rectal Cancer Signatures By Non-Invasive Imaging: A Retrospective Radiomics Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
