Radius Fracture — Acupuncture in Distal Radius Fracture Patients
Citation(s)
Erthal V, da Silva MD, Cidral-Filho FJ, Santos AR, Nohama P ST36 laser acupuncture reduces pain-related behavior in rats: involvement of the opioidergic and serotonergic systems. Lasers Med Sci. 2013 Sep;28(5):1345-51. doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1260-7. Epub 2013 Jan 5.
Luo KM, Hou Z, Yang L [Observation on therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on activity disturbance of the shoulder joint after operation of fracture]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2008 Oct;28(10):727-9. Chinese.
Smith DW, Brou KE, Henry MH Early active rehabilitation for operatively stabilized distal radius fractures. J Hand Ther. 2004 Jan-Mar;17(1):43-9. Review.
Tahririan MA, Javdan M, Motififard M Results of pronator quadratus repair in distal radius fractures to prevent tendon ruptures. Indian J Orthop. 2014 Jul;48(4):399-403. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.136275.
Wei XM, Sun ZZ, Rui YJ, Song XJ Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2014 Jan;48(1):20-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.125483.
Application of Laser Acupuncture in Rehabilitating Patients With Distal Radius Fracture
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
