Burton JR Jr, Helmke S, Lauriski S, Kittelson J, Everson GT The within-individual reproducibility of the disease severity index from the HepQuant SHUNT test of liver function and physiology. Transl Res. 2021 Jul;233:5-15. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.12.010. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
Russell AH, Clyde C, Wasserman TH, Turner SS, Rotman M Accelerated hyperfractionated hepatic irradiation in the management of patients with liver metastases: results of the RTOG dose escalating protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Sep 1;27(1):117-23. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(93)90428-x.
Su TS, Luo R, Liang P, Cheng T, Zhou Y, Huang Y A prospective cohort study of hepatic toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2018 Oct;129(1):136-142. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.02.031. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Tse RV, Hawkins M, Lockwood G, Kim JJ, Cummings B, Knox J, Sherman M, Dawson LA Phase I study of individualized stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):657-64. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.3529. Epub 2008 Jan 2. Erratum In: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Aug 10;26(23):3911-2.
Weiner AA, Olsen J, Ma D, Dyk P, DeWees T, Myerson RJ, Parikh P Stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary hepatic malignancies - Report of a phase I/II institutional study. Radiother Oncol. 2016 Oct;121(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.07.020. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
Pilot Study to Assess the Role of Blood-based Biomarkers and Quantitative MR Imaging
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.