Quality of Life — Bladder Training in Radical Prostatectomy
Citation(s)
Bernardes MFVG, Chagas SC, Izidoro LCR, Veloso DFM, Chianca TCM, Mata LRFPD Impact of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of individuals undergoing radical prostatectomy. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2019 Mar 10;27:e3131. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.2757.3131. English, Portuguese, Spanish. Erratum in: Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2019 Dec 05;27:e3244.
Chang JI, Lam V, Patel MI Preoperative Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise and Postprostatectomy Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2016 Mar;69(3):460-7. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Nov 21. Review.
de Lira GHS, Fornari A, Cardoso LF, Aranchipe M, Kretiska C, Rhoden EL Effects of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Int Braz J Urol. 2019 Nov-Dec;45(6):1196-1203. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2019.0238.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
