Quadriceps Muscle Atrophy — Straight Leg Raise Continuation
Citation(s)
Choi SA, Cynn HS, Yoon TL, Choi WJ, Lee JH Effects of Ankle Dorsiflexion on Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Lateralis Muscle Activity During Straight Leg Raise Exercise with Hip External Rotation in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2014;22(3):260-267.
Harkey MS, Gribble PA, Pietrosimone BG Disinhibitory interventions and voluntary quadriceps activation: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2014 May-Jun;49(3):411-21. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.04. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
Hopf HC, Schlegel HJ, Lowitzsch K Irradiation of voluntary activity to the contralateral side in movements of normal subjects and patients with central motor disturbances. Eur Neurol. 1974;12(3):142-7. doi: 10.1159/000114613. No abstract available.
Hopkins J, Ingersoll CD Arthrogenic muscle inhibition: A limiting factor in joint rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2000;9(2):135-159.
Hurley MV, Jones DW, Newham DJ Arthrogenic quadriceps inhibition and rehabilitation of patients with extensive traumatic knee injuries. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994 Mar;86(3):305-10. doi: 10.1042/cs0860305. Erratum In: Clin Sci 1994 Jun;86(6):xxii.
Lewek MD, Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L Quadriceps femoris muscle weakness and activation failure in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 2004 Jan;22(1):110-5. doi: 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00154-2.
Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Stevens JE, Vandenborne K, Snyder-Mackler L Early quadriceps strength loss after total knee arthroplasty. The contributions of muscle atrophy and failure of voluntary muscle activation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 May;87(5):1047-53. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.01992.
Moore JC Excitation overflow: an electromyographic investigation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1975 Mar;56(3):115-20.
Palmieri-Smith RM, Kreinbrink J, Ashton-Miller JA, Wojtys EM Quadriceps inhibition induced by an experimental knee joint effusion affects knee joint mechanics during a single-legged drop landing. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Aug;35(8):1269-75. doi: 10.1177/0363546506296417. Epub 2007 Jan 23.
Panariello RA, Stump TJ, Allen AA Rehabilitation and Return to Play Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine. 2017;25(3):181-193.
Pietrosimone BG, Grindstaff TL, Linens SW, Uczekaj E, Hertel J A systematic review of prophylactic braces in the prevention of knee ligament injuries in collegiate football players. J Athl Train. 2008 Jul-Aug;43(4):409-15. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.409.
Pietrosimone BG, Saliba SA, Hart JM, Hertel J, Kerrigan DC, Ingersoll CD Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and therapeutic exercise on quadriceps activation in people with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Jan;41(1):4-12. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3447. Epub 2010 Dec 31.
Shimura K, Kasai T Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the initiation of voluntary movement and motor evoked potentials in upper limb muscles. Hum Mov Sci. 2002 Apr;21(1):101-13. doi: 10.1016/s0167-9457(01)00057-4.
Suter E, Herzog W, Bray RC Quadriceps inhibition following arthroscopy in patients with anterior knee pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1998 Jun;13(4-5):314-319. doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(98)00098-9.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
