Pulmonary Hypertension — Inhaled Prostacyclin for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Pulmonary Hypertension
Citation(s)
1 Domenighetti G, Stricker H. et al. Nebulized prostacyclin in ARDS: impact of primary and secondary disease on gas exchange response. Crit Care Med. 2001 ;29 (1) :57-62 2. Macherndl S, Kneussl M. et al. Long term treatment of pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost. Eur Respir J. 2001; 17(1): 8-13 3. Max M, Rossaint R. Inhaled prostacyclin in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pediatr. 1999; 158 supp 1: S23-6. 4. Hoeper M, Olschewski H.et al. A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. German PPH study group. J AM Coll Card. 2000 ; 35(1):176-82. 5. Olschewski h, Ghofrani H. et al. Inhaled iloprost to treat severe pulmonary hypertension. An uncontrolled trial. German PPH study group. Ann Int Med. 2000 21;132 (6):435-43.
Trial of Inhaled Alprostadil to Improve Hypoxia and Pulmonary Hypertension
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
