Pulmonary Fibrosis — Illness Expectations in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Citation(s)
Agarwal P, Lin J, Muellers K, O'Conor R, Wolf M, Federman AD, Wisnivesky JP A structural equation model of relationships of health literacy, illness and medication beliefs with medication adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patient Educ Couns. 2021 Jun;104(6):1445-1450. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.024. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Raghu G, Chen SY, Hou Q, Yeh WS, Collard HR Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US adults 18-64 years old. Eur Respir J. 2016 Jul;48(1):179-86. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01653-2015. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
