Burgos AM, Saver JL Evidence that Tenecteplase Is Noninferior to Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Meta-Analysis of 5 Randomized Trials. Stroke. 2019 Aug;50(8):2156-2162. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.025080. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
Burkart DJ, Borsa JJ, Anthony JP, Thurlo SR Thrombolysis of occluded peripheral arteries and veins with tenecteplase: a pilot study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002 Nov;13(11):1099-102.
Finigan JH The coagulation system and pulmonary endothelial function in acute lung injury. Microvasc Res. 2009 Jan;77(1):35-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.09.002. Epub 2008 Sep 18. Review.
Guillermin A, Yan DJ, Perrier A, Marti C Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase versus alteplase in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Med Sci. 2016 Dec 1;12(6):1181-1187. Epub 2016 Mar 31. Review.
Logallo N, Kvistad CE, Thomassen L Therapeutic Potential of Tenecteplase in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. CNS Drugs. 2015;29(10):811-8. doi: 10.1007/s40263-015-0280-9. Review.
Parsons MW, Levi CR Reperfusion trials for acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet. 2012 Aug 25;380(9843):706-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61043-5. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
Prabhakaran P, Ware LB, White KE, Cross MT, Matthay MA, Olman MA Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in pulmonary edema fluid are associated with mortality in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):L20-8. Epub 2003 May 2.
Sebag SC, Bastarache JA, Ware LB Therapeutic modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2011 Sep;12(9):1481-96. Review.
Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 May;18(5):1094-1099. doi: 10.1111/jth.14817. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Apr;18(4):844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Ware LB, Bastarache JA, Wang L Coagulation and fibrinolysis in human acute lung injury--new therapeutic targets? Keio J Med. 2005 Sep;54(3):142-9. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.