Pulmonary Embolism — Thromboprophylaxis in Pregnant Women in Hospital: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Citation(s)
Abbasi N, Balayla J, Laporta DP, Kezouh A, Abenhaim HA Trends, risk factors and mortality among women with venous thromboembolism during labour and delivery: a population-based study of 8 million births. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Feb;289(2):275-84. doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-2923-8. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos AM, Vandvik PO VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e691S-e736S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2300.
Hase EA, Barros VIPVL, Igai AMK, Francisco RPV, Zugaib M Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism and thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women hospitalized with cancer: Preliminary results from a risk score. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2018 Oct 18;73:e368. doi: 10
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
