Booth S, Galbraith S, Ryan R, Parker RA, Johnson M The importance of the feasibility study: Lessons from a study of the hand-held fan used to relieve dyspnea in people who are breathless at rest. Palliat Med. 2016 May;30(5):504-9. doi: 10.1177/0269216315607180. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
Caraceni A Evaluation and assessment of cancer pain and cancer pain treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Oct;45(9):1067-75. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.450903.x.
Gift AG, Narsavage G Validity of the numeric rating scale as a measure of dyspnea. Am J Crit Care. 1998 May;7(3):200-4.
Gross MM, Stevenson PJ, Charette SL, Pyka G, Marcus R Effect of muscle strength and movement speed on the biomechanics of rising from a chair in healthy elderly and young women. Gait Posture. 1998 Dec 1;8(3):175-185. doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(98)00033-2.
Ozalevli S, Ozden A, Itil O, Akkoclu A Comparison of the Sit-to-Stand Test with 6 min walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2007 Feb;101(2):286-93. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.05.007. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
Powers J, Bennett SJ Measurement of dyspnea in patients treated with mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care. 1999 Jul;8(4):254-61.
Wade J, Mendonca S, Booth S, Ewing G, Gardener AC, Farquhar M Are within-person Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) ratings of breathlessness 'on average' valid in advanced disease for patients and for patients' informal carers? BMJ Open Respir Res. 2017 Oct 11;4(1):e000235. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000235. eCollection 2017.
Wilcock A, Crosby V, Clarke D, Tattersfield A Repeatability of breathlessness measurements in cancer patients. Thorax. 1999 Apr;54(4):375. doi: 10.1136/thx.54.4.374b. No abstract available.
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
A Feasibility, Randomised Controlled Trial of Tele-rehabilitation Following COVID-19
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
