PTSD — Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Group Yoga Intervention as Trauma Therapy for Adolescent Girls
Citation(s)
Carmody J, Baer RA Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Behav Med. 2008 Feb;31(1):23-33. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
D'Andrea W, Ford J, Stolbach B, Spinazzola J, van der Kolk BA Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2012 Apr;82(2):187-200. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01154.x. Review.
Dale, L P., Carroll, L. E., Galen, G. C., Schein, R., Bliss, A., Mattison, A. M., & Neace, W. P. (2011). Yoga practice may buffer the deleterious effects of abuse on women's self-concept and dysfunctional coping. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 20, 89-101.
Dick AM, Niles BL, Street AE, DiMartino DM, Mitchell KS Examining mechanisms of change in a yoga intervention for women: the influence of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and emotion regulation on PTSD symptoms. J Clin Psychol. 2014 Dec;70(12):1170-82. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22104. Epub 2014 May 28.
Emerson, D , Sharma, R., Chaudhry, S. & Turner, J. (2009). Trauma-sensitive yoga: Principles, practice, and research. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 19, 123-128.
Foa EB, Johnson KM, Feeny NC, Treadwell KR The child PTSD Symptom Scale: a preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Sep;30(3):376-84.
Horvath, A O., Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(2), 223-233.
Koenigs M, Grafman J Posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Neuroscientist. 2009 Oct;15(5):540-8. doi: 10.1177/1073858409333072. Epub 2009 Apr 9. Review.
Lilly, M , & Hedlund, J. (2010). Yoga therapy in practice: Healing childhood sexual abuse with yoga. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 20, 120-130.
MacNair-Semands, R R., & Lese, K. P. (2000). Interpersonal problems and the perception of therapeutic factors in group therapy. Small Group Research, 31(2), 158-174.
McRae, K , Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2011). The reason in passion: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to emotion regulation (Chapter 10). In Handbook of Self-Regulation, Second Edition: Research, Theory, and Applications. New York: The Guilford Press.
Neumann, D A., Houskamp, B. M., Pollock, V. E., & Briere, J. (1996). The long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse in women: A meta-analytic review. Child Maltreatment, 1(1), 6-16.
Perry, B D. (2009). Examining child maltreatment through a neurodevelopmental lens: Clinical applications of the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics. Journal of Loss & Trauma, 14, 240-255.
Tracey, T J., & Kokotovic, A. M. (1989). Factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 207- 210.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
