Duncan CR, Critchley S, & Marland J Can Praxis: A model of equine assisted learning (EAL) for PTSD. Canadian Military Journal. 2014; 14(2):64-69.
Ferruolo DM Psychosocial Equine Program for Veterans. Soc Work. 2016 Jan;61(1):53-60. doi: 10.1093/sw/swv054.
Fields B, Bruemmer J, Gloeckner G, Wood W Influence of an Equine-Assisted Activities Program on Dementia-Specific Quality of Life. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2018 Aug;33(5):309-317. doi: 10.1177/1533317518772052. Epub 2018 May 9.
Lanning BA, Krenek N Guest Editorial: Examining effects of equine-assisted activities to help combat veterans improve quality of life. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(8):vii-xiii. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0159. No abstract available.
Lanning BA, Wilson AL, Krenek N, & Beaujean AA Using therapeutic riding as an intervention for combat Veterans: An international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) approach. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. 2017; 33(3):259-
Marchand WR, Andersen SJ, Smith JE, Hoopes KH, Carlson JK Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current State, Challenges and Future Directions. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2021 Feb 15;5:24705470219
Steele E, Wood DS, J Usadi E, Applegarth DM TRR's Warrior Camp: An Intensive Treatment Program for Combat Trauma in Active Military and Veterans of All Eras. Mil Med. 2018 Mar 1;183(suppl_1):403-407. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usx153.
U S. Congress. House Report 114-102: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016; 2015. https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/114th-congress/house-report/102/1
Wharton T, Whitworth J, Macauley E, Malone M Pilot testing a manualized equine-facilitated cognitive processing therapy (EF-CPT) intervention for PTSD in veterans. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2019 Sep;42(3):268-276. doi: 10.1037/prj0000359. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
PTSD Clinical Team Research Clinic (PCT Research Clinic)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
