Beck K, Andreou C, Studerus E, Heitz U, Ittig S, Leanza L, Riecher-Rossler A Clinical and functional long-term outcome of patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis without transition to psychosis: A systematic review. Schizophr Res. 2019 Aug;210:39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.047. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Devoe DJ, Farris MS, Townes P, Addington J Interventions and social functioning in youth at risk of psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;13(2):169-180. doi: 10.1111/eip.12689. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Fusar-Poli P, Nelson B, Valmaggia L, Yung AR, McGuire PK Comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in 509 individuals with an at-risk mental state: impact on psychopathology and transition to psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2014 Jan;40(1):120-31. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbs136. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
Lin A, Wood SJ, Nelson B, Beavan A, McGorry P, Yung AR Outcomes of nontransitioned cases in a sample at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Mar 1;172(3):249-58. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13030418. Epub 2014 Nov 7.
McGorry PD, Hartmann JA, Spooner R, Nelson B Beyond the "at risk mental state" concept: transitioning to transdiagnostic psychiatry. World Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;17(2):133-142. doi: 10.1002/wps.20514.
Taylor PJ, Hutton P, Wood L Are people at risk of psychosis also at risk of suicide and self-harm? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2015 Apr;45(5):911-26. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714002074. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
Optimizing Mental Health for Young People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
