Psychoactive Substance Use — New Psychoactive Substances in Intoxicated Patients During the Winter Activities
Citation(s)
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Beck O, Franzen L, Backberg M, Signell P, Helander A Toxicity evaluation of alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (alpha-PVP): results from intoxication cases within the STRIDA project. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Aug;54(7):568-75. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1190979.
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Frank RG, Pollack HA Addressing the Fentanyl Threat to Public Health. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 16;376(7):605-607. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1615145. No abstract available.
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Kunst LE, Gebhardt WA Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Party-Drug Use and Associated Problems among University Students in the Netherlands. Subst Use Misuse. 2018 Oct 15;53(12):2077-2088. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1455700. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
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Orsini J, Din N, Elahi E, Gomez A, Rajayer S, Malik R, Jean E Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute drug intoxication admitted to ICU. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017 Sep 19;7(4):202-207. doi: 10.1080/20009666.2017.1356189. eCollection 2017 Oct.
Palamar JJ, Barratt MJ, Ferris JA, Winstock AR Correlates of new psychoactive substance use among a self-selected sample of nightclub attendees in the United States. Am J Addict. 2016 Aug;25(5):400-7. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12403. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
Palamar JJ, Salomone A, Gerace E, Di Corcia D, Vincenti M, Cleland CM Hair testing to assess both known and unknown use of drugs amongst ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene. Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Oct;48:91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.010. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
Rivera JV, Vance EG, Rushton WF, Arnold JK Novel Psychoactive Substances and Trends of Abuse. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2017 Oct/Dec;40(4):374-382. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000174.
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Yang F-S, Chen C-J, Lin Y-C "Zombie" Outbreak Caused by Synthetic Cannabinoid. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 20;376(16):1596-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1701936. No abstract available.
Consumption of New Psychoactive Substances in Intoxicated Patients During the Winter Activities
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
