Arntz, A (2012). Imagery rescripting as a therapeutic technique: Review of clinical trials, basic studies, and research agenda, Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3, 189-208. doi: 10.5127/jep.024211
Augedal AW, Hansen KS, Kronhaug CR, Harvey AG, Pallesen S Randomized controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nightmares: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2013 Apr;17(2):143-52. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Oct 6.
Belicki K Nightmare frequency versus nightmare distress: relations to psychopathology and cognitive style. J Abnorm Psychol. 1992 Aug;101(3):592-7.
Cernovsky ZZ MMPI and nightmare reports in women addicted to alcohol and other drugs. Percept Mot Skills. 1986 Jun;62(3):717-8.
Cernovsky ZZ MMPI and nightmares in male alcoholics. Percept Mot Skills. 1985 Dec;61(3 Pt 1):841-2.
Cukrowicz, K C., Otamendi, A., Pinto, J. V., Bernert, R. A., Krakow, B., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2006). The impact of insomnia and sleep disturbances on depression and suicidality, Dreaming, 16(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1037/1053-0797.16.1.1
Duke LA, Allen DN, Rozee PD, Bommaritto M The sensitivity and specificity of flashbacks and nightmares to trauma. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(2):319-27. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
Eiser AS Dream disorders and treatment. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2007 Sep;9(5):317-24.
Ellis TE, Rufino KA, Nadorff MR Treatment of Nightmares in Psychiatric Inpatients With Imagery Rehearsal Therapy: An Open Trial and Case Series. Behav Sleep Med. 2017 Mar 23:1-14. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2017.1299738. [Epub ahead of print]
Ferini-Strambi, L , Fantini, M. L. (2008). Sleep and quality of life in REM sleep parasomnia. In J. C. Verster, S. R. Pandi-Perumal, & D. L. Streiner (Ed.), Sleep and quality of life in clinical medicine (pp. 119-126). New York City: Humana Press.
Forbes D, Phelps A, McHugh T Treatment of combat-related nightmares using imagery rehearsal: a pilot study. J Trauma Stress. 2001 Apr;14(2):433-42.
Germain, A , Krakow, B., Faucher, B., Zadra, A., Nielsen, T., Hollifield, M., Warner, T. D.,& Koss, M. P. (2004). Increased mastery elements associated with imagery rehearsal treatment for nightmares in sexual assault survivors with PTSD, Dreaming, 14(4), 195-206. doi: 10.1037/1053-0797.14.4.195
Hagenaars MA, Arntz A Reduced intrusion development after post-trauma imagery rescripting; an experimental study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012 Jun;43(2):808-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.005. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
Hansen K, Höfling V, Kröner-Borowik T, Stangier U, Steil R Efficacy of psychological interventions aiming to reduce chronic nightmares: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Feb;33(1):146-55. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Nov 7. Review.
Hefez A, Metz L, Lavie P Long-term effects of extreme situational stress on sleep and dreaming. Am J Psychiatry. 1987 Mar;144(3):344-7.
Kellner R, Neidhardt J, Krakow B, Pathak D Changes in chronic nightmares after one session of desensitization or rehearsal instructions. Am J Psychiatry. 1992 May;149(5):659-63.
Krakow, B (2004). Imagery Rehearsal Therapy for chronic posttraumatic nightmares: A mind's eye view. In R. I. Rosner, W. J. Lyddon, & A. Freeman (Ed.), Cognitive therapy and dreams (pp. 89-109). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Krystal AD, Thakur M, Roth T Sleep disturbance in psychiatric disorders: effects on function and quality of life in mood disorders, alcoholism, and schizophrenia. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Jan-Mar;20(1):39-46. doi: 10.1080/10401230701844661. Review.
Kunze AE, Arntz A, Morina N, Kindt M, Lancee J Efficacy of imagery rescripting and imaginal exposure for nightmares: A randomized wait-list controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2017 Oct;97:14-25. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Levin R, Nielsen TA Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: a review and neurocognitive model. Psychol Bull. 2007 May;133(3):482-528. Review.
Li SX, Zhang B, Li AM, Wing YK Prevalence and correlates of frequent nightmares: a community-based 2-phase study. Sleep. 2010 Jun;33(6):774-80.
Nappi CM, Drummond SP, Hall JM Treating nightmares and insomnia in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of current evidence. Neuropharmacology. 2012 Feb;62(2):576-85. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.029. Epub 2011 Mar 17. Review.
Ohayon MM, Shapiro CM Sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. Compr Psychiatry. 2000 Nov-Dec;41(6):469-78.
Reeve S, Sheaves B, Freeman D Sleep Disorders in Early Psychosis: Incidence, Severity, and Association With Clinical Symptoms. Schizophr Bull. 2019 Mar 7;45(2):287-295. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby129.
Schredl, M (2003). Continuity between waking and dreaming: A proposal for a mathematical model, Sleep and Hypnosis, 5(1), 26-39.
Sheaves, B , Onwumere, J., Keen, N., & Kuipers, E. (2015). Treating your worst nightmare: A case-series of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy for nightmares in individuals experiencing psychotic symptoms, The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 8(27), 1-17. doi: 10.1017/S1754470X15000665
Sjöström N, Hetta J, Waern M Persistent nightmares are associated with repeat suicide attempt: a prospective study. Psychiatry Res. 2009 Dec 30;170(2-3):208-11. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.09.006. Epub 2009 Nov 8.
Sjöström N, Waern M, Hetta J Nightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attempters. Sleep. 2007 Jan;30(1):91-5.
van Schagen, A , Lancee, J., Spoormaker, V., van den Bout, J. (2016). Long-term treatment effects of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy for nightmares in a population with diverse psychiatric disorders, International Journal of Dream Research, 9, 67-70. doi: 10.11588/ijodr.2016.1.24953.
Wood JM, Bootzin RR The prevalence of nightmares and their independence from anxiety. J Abnorm Psychol. 1990 Feb;99(1):64-8.
Zadra A, Pilon M, Donderi DC Variety and intensity of emotions in nightmares and bad dreams. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2006 Apr;194(4):249-54.
Treatment of Nightmares in Psychiatric Inpatients With Imagery Rehearsal Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
