Hawkins MJ, Levin M, Borden EC An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase I-II pilot study of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid poly-L-lysine complex in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. J Biol Response Mod. 1985 Dec;4(6):664-8.
Houot R, Levy R T-cell modulation combined with intratumoral CpG cures lymphoma in a mouse model without the need for chemotherapy. Blood. 2009 Apr 9;113(15):3546-52. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-170274. Epub 2008 Oct 21.
Kajiwara K, Morishima H, Akiyama K, Yanagihara Y Expression and function of the inducible costimulator ligand B7-H2 in human airway smooth muscle cells. Allergol Int. 2009 Dec;58(4):573-83. doi: 10.2332/allergolint.09-OA-0113. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
Levy HB, Levine AS Antitumor effects of interferon and poly ICLC, and their possible utility as anti-neoplastic agents in man. Tex Rep Biol Med. 1981-1982;41:653-62. Review.
Mitsuhashi M Ex vivo simulation of leukocyte function: stimulation of specific subset of leukocytes in whole blood followed by the measurement of function-associated mRNAs. J Immunol Methods. 2010 Dec 15;363(1):95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.10.002. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Morgan ET, Norman CA Pretranslational suppression of cytochrome P-450h (IIC11) gene expression in rat liver after administration of interferon inducers. Drug Metab Dispos. 1990 Sep-Oct;18(5):649-53.
Nair SS… Salazar A, Galsky M, Bhardwaj N and Tewari A. Phase I study of in situ autologous vaccination for prostate cancer in a neo-adjuvant setting [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT096
Newell EW, Sigal N, Bendall SC, Nolan GP, Davis MM Cytometry by time-of-flight shows combinatorial cytokine expression and virus-specific cell niches within a continuum of CD8+ T cell phenotypes. Immunity. 2012 Jan 27;36(1):142-52. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.002. Erratum in: Immunity. 2013 Jan 24;38(1):198-9.
North RJ, Dunn PL, Havell EA A role for tumor necrosis factor in poly(I:C)-induced hemorrhagic necrosis and T-cell-dependent regression of a murine sarcoma. J Interferon Res. 1991 Dec;11(6):333-40.
Rosenkrantz AB, Lim RP, Haghighi M, Somberg MB, Babb JS, Taneja SS Comparison of interreader reproducibility of the prostate imaging reporting and data system and likert scales for evaluation of multiparametric prostate MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Oct;201(4):W612-8. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.10173.
Röthke M, Blondin D, Schlemmer HP, Franiel T [PI-RADS classification: structured reporting for MRI of the prostate]. Rofo. 2013 Mar;185(3):253-61. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1330270. Epub 2013 Feb 12. German.
Salazar AM, Erlich RB, Mark A, Bhardwaj N, Herberman RB Therapeutic in situ autovaccination against solid cancers with intratumoral poly-ICLC: case report, hypothesis, and clinical trial. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014 Aug;2(8):720-4. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0024. Epub 2014 May 6.
Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, Jemal A Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014 Jan-Feb;64(1):9-29. doi: 10.3322/caac.21208. Epub 2014 Jan 7. Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2014 Sep-Oct;64(5):364.
Sonpavde G, Di Lorenzo G, Higano CS, Kantoff PW, Madan R, Shore ND The role of sipuleucel-T in therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature. Eur Urol. 2012 Apr;61(4):639-47. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.10.027. Epub 2011 Oct 24. Review.
Phase I Study of In Situ Autologous Vaccination Against Prostate Cancer With Intratumoral and Systemic Hiltonol® (Poly-ICLC) Prior To Radical Prostatectomy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.