Prostate Cancer — Facilitating Shared Decisionmaking About Prostate Cancer Screening
Citation(s)
Partin MR, Nelson D, Flood AB, Friedemann-Sánchez G, Wilt TJ Who uses decision aids? Subgroup analyses from a randomized controlled effectiveness trial of two prostate cancer screening decision support interventions. Health Expect. 2006 Sep;9(3):285-95.
Taylor BC, Wilt TJ, Clothier B, Grill JP, Partin MR Assessing health status in older men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS. 2006 Jul 1; 23(7):29-40.
Wilt TJ, Partin MR Prostate cancer intervention. Involving the patient in early detection and treatment. Postgrad Med. 2003 Oct;114(4):43-9; quiz 50. Review. Erratum in: Postgrad Med. 2004 Feb;115(2):7.
Wilt TJ, Partin MR Reducing PSAnxiety: The importance of noninvasive chronic disease management in prostate cancer detection and treatment. Am J Med. 2004 Nov 15;117(10):796-8.
Facilitating Shared Decisionmaking About Prostate Cancer Screening
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
