Presbyopia — Bifocal Contact Lens Study for Adults With Age-Related Near Vision Loss
Citation(s)
Ding L, Blackwell R, Kunzler JF, Knox WH Large refractive index change in silicone-based and non-silicone-based hydrogel polymers induced by femtosecond laser micro-machining. Opt Express. 2006 Nov 27;14(24):11901-9.
Ding L, Knox WH, Bühren J, Nagy LJ, Huxlin KR Intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) of the cornea and lens using a low-pulse-energy femtosecond laser oscillator. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Dec;49(12):5332-9. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-1921. Epub 2008 Jul 18.
Xu L, Knox WH, DeMagistris M, Wang N, Huxlin KR Noninvasive intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) of the cornea with blue femtosecond laser light. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Oct 17;52(11):8148-55. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7323.
Clinical Performance Study of Clerio Single Vision and Bifocal Contact Lens Designs Immediately Following Insertion
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
