Premature Ovarian Failure — The Effect of HPV Vaccine on Menstrual Cycle in Women of Reproductive Age
Citation(s)
Colafrancesco S, Perricone C, Tomljenovic L, Shoenfeld Y Human papilloma virus vaccine and primary ovarian failure: another facet of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013 Oct;70(4):309-16. doi: 10.1111/aji.1
de Sanjose S, Delany-Moretlwe S HPV vaccines can be the hallmark of cancer prevention. Lancet. 2019 Aug 10;394(10197):450-451. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30549-5. Epub 2019 Jun 26. No abstract available.
Gong L, Ji HH, Tang XW, Pan LY, Chen X, Jia YT Human papillomavirus vaccine-associated premature ovarian insufficiency and related adverse events: data mining of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 1;10(1):10762. doi: 10.1038/s41598
Hviid A, Myrup Thiesson E Association Between Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in a Nationwide Cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Aug 2;4(8):e2120391. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20391.
Little DT, Ward HR Adolescent Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Following Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Case Series Seen in General Practice. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2014 Oct 28;2(4):2324709614556129. doi: 10.1177/2324709614556129. eColl
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
