Pregnancy — Management of Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy
Citation(s)
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Attkisson, C C., and Greenfield, T. K. (1995). The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) scales and the Service Satisfaction Scale- 30 (SSS-30). In L.I. Sederer & B. Dickey (Eds.) Outcomes assessment in clinical practice. (pp. 120-127) Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. (SSS-30 is reproduced in Appendix pp. 279-283).
Bailit JL Hyperemesis gravidarium: Epidemiologic findings from a large cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;193(3 Pt 1):811-4.
Gadsby R, Barnie-Adshead AM, Jagger C A prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Br J Gen Pract. 1993 Jun;43(371):245-8. Erratum in: Br J Gen Pract 1993 Aug;43(373):325.
Ismail SK, Kenny L Review on hyperemesis gravidarum. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21(5):755-69. Review.
Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet. 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1191-4.
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Oates-Whitehead R Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Clin Evid. 2004 Jun;(11):1840-52. Review.
Sheehan P Hyperemesis gravidarum--assessment and management. Aust Fam Physician. 2007 Sep;36(9):698-701. Review.
Verberg MF, Gillott DJ, Al-Fardan N, Grudzinskas JG Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review. Hum Reprod Update. 2005 Sep-Oct;11(5):527-39. Epub 2005 Jul 8. Review. Erratum in: Hum Reprod Update. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):207.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
