Pregnancy — Dental Anesthesia in Pregnant Women With Rheumatic Heart Disease
Citation(s)
Aberg G Studies on the duration of local anesthesia: a possible mechanism for the prolonging effect of "vasoconstrictors" on the duration of infiltration anesthesia. Int J Oral Surg. 1980 Apr;9(2):144-7.
Abraham-Inpijn L, Borgmeijer-Hoelen A, Gortzak RA Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram during dental treatment with use of local anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988 Apr;116(4):531-6.
ACOG practice bulletin Antepartum fetal surveillance. Number 9, October 1999 (replaces Technical Bulletin Number 188, January 1994). Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2000 Feb;68(2):175-85.
Aellig WH, O'Neil R, Laurence DR, Verrill PJ Cardiac effects of adrenaline and felypressin as vasoconstrictors in local anaesthesia for oral surgery under diazepam sedation. Br J Anaesth. 1970 Feb;42(2):174-6.
Ahn J, Pogrel MA The effects of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine on pulpal and gingival blood flow. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 Feb;85(2):197-202.
Asghar F, Kokab H Evaluation and outcome of pregnancy complicated by heart disease. J Pak Med Assoc. 2005 Oct;55(10):416-9.
Assem ES, Punnia-Moorthy A Allergy to local anaesthetics: an approach to definitive diagnosis. A review with an illustrative study. Br Dent J. 1988 Jan 23;164(2):44-7. Review.
AXELROD J Metabolism of epinephrine and other sympathomimetic amines. Physiol Rev. 1959 Oct;39:751-76.
BADER RA, BADER ME, ROSE DF, BRAUNWALD E Hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in normal pregnancy as studies by cardiac catheterization. J Clin Invest. 1955 Oct;34(10):1524-36.
Beck FM, Weaver JM 2nd Blood pressure and heart rate responses to anticipated high-stress dental treatment. J Dent Res. 1981 Jan;60(1):26-9.
Bennett JA, Riegel B, Bittner V, Nichols J Validity and reliability of the NYHA classes for measuring research outcomes in patients with cardiac disease. Heart Lung. 2002 Jul-Aug;31(4):262-70.
Blinder D, Manor Y, Shemesh J, Taicher S Electrocardiographic changes in cardiac patients having dental extractions under a local anesthetic containing a vasopressor. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998 Dec;56(12):1399-402; discussion 1402-3.
Blinder D, Shemesh J, Taicher S Electrocardiographic changes in cardiac patients undergoing dental extractions under local anesthesia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;54(2):162-5; discussion 165-6.
Braunwald E, Bloodwell RD, Goldberg LI, Morrow AG STUDIES ON DIGITALIS. IV. OBSERVATIONS IN MAN ON THE EFFECTS OF DIGITALIS PREPARATIONS ON THE CONTRACTILITY OF THE NON-FAILING HEART AND ON TOTAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE. J Clin Invest. 1961 Jan;40(1):52-9.
Brent RL Commentary on JAMA article by Hujoel et al. Health Phys. 2005 Apr;88(4):379-81.
Brooks VL, Kane CM, Van Winkle DM Altered heart rate baroreflex during pregnancy: role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Am J Physiol. 1997 Sep;273(3 Pt 2):R960-6.
Bryant EE, Douglas BH, Ashburn AD Circulatory changes following prolactin administration. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973 Jan 1;115(1):53-7.
Buckley JA, Ciancio SG, McMullen JA Efficacy of epinephrine concentration in local anesthesia during periodontal surgery. J Periodontol. 1984 Nov;55(11):653-7.
Cintron G, Medina R, Reyes AA, Lyman G Cardiovascular effects and safety of dental anesthesia and dental interventions in patients with recent uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 1986 Nov;146(11):2203-4.
Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 1995 Oct;96(4 Pt 1):758-64.
Defosse O [Local anesthesia with and without vasoconstrictors: indications, contra-indications and complications in relation to the health of the patient]. Rev Belge Med Dent (1984). 1999;54(4):242-58. Review. French.
Fagade OO, Oginni FO Intra-operative pain perception in tooth extraction--possible causes. Int Dent J. 2005 Aug;55(4):242-6.
Finder RL, Moore PA Adverse drug reactions to local anesthesia. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):747-57, x. Review.
Fisher JD New York Heart Association Classification. Arch Intern Med. 1972 May;129(5):836.
Frabetti L, Checchi L, Finelli K Cardiovascular effects of local anesthesia with epinephrine in periodontal treatment. Quintessence Int. 1992 Jan;23(1):19-24.
Frazier DT, Narahashi T, Yamada M The site of action and active form of local anesthetics. II. Experiments with quaternary compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1970 Jan;171(1):45-51.
Friedman MJ, Hochman MN A 21st century computerized injection system for local pain control. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1997 Oct;18(10):995-1000, 1002-3; quiz 1004. Review.
Garrow JS, Webster J Quetelet's index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness. Int J Obes. 1985;9(2):147-53.
Gauthier RJ, Evertson LR, Paul RH Antepartum fetal heart rate testing. II. Intrapartum fetal heart rate observation and newborn outcome following a positive contraction stress test. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Jan 1;133(1):34-9.
Gei AF, Hankins GD Cardiac disease and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2001 Sep;28(3):465-512. Review.
Gilson GJ, Samaan S, Crawford MH, Qualls CR, Curet LB Changes in hemodynamics, ventricular remodeling, and ventricular contractility during normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Jun;89(6):957-62.
Hainsworth R Reflexes from the heart. Physiol Rev. 1991 Jul;71(3):617-58. Review.
Hartung WH Epinephrine and related compounds: influence of structure on physiologic activity. Chem Rev 9:389-465, 1931.
Hasse AL, Heng MK, Garrett NR Blood pressure and electrocardiographic response to dental treatment with use of local anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986 Oct;113(4):639-42. Erratum in: J Am Dent Assoc 1986 Dec;113(6):868.
Hunter L, Hunter B Oral and dental problems associated with pregnancy. Oral healthcare in pregnancy and infancy. London: Macmillan Press Ltd; 1997. p. 27-34.
Jastak JT, Yagiela JA Vasoconstrictors and local anesthesia: a review and rationale for use. J Am Dent Assoc. 1983 Oct;107(4):623-30. Review.
Johnson R, Swartz MH A simplified approach to electrocardiography. New York: Saunders Company; 1986. p. 72-8.
Kaplan EL Cardiovascular disease in dental practice. In: Kaplan EL, editor. Dallas: American Heart Association. 1986
Katz R, Karliner JS, Resnik R Effects of a natural volume overload state (pregnancy) on left ventricular performance in normal human subjects. Circulation. 1978 Sep;58(3 Pt 1):434-41.
Kim S Ligamental injection: a physiological explanation of its efficacy. J Endod. 1986 Oct;12(10):486-91.
Kohase H, Umino M Allergic reaction to epinephrine preparation in 2% lidocaine: two case reports. Anesth Prog. 2004;51(4):134-7.
Krochak M, Friedman N Using a precision-metered injection system to minimize dental injection anxiety. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1998 Feb;19(2):137-40, 142-3, 146 passim; quiz 150.
LITWIN MS, GLEW DH MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL PROBLEMS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. JAMA. 1964 Mar 14;187:848-9.
Lopes AC Alterações anátomo-fisiológicas do sistema cardiocirculatório na gravidez. In: Lopes AC, Delascio D, editors. Cardiopatia e gravidez. São Paulo: Sarvier; 1986. p. 5-13.
López NJ, Da Silva I, Ipinza J, Gutiérrez J Periodontal therapy reduces the rate of preterm low birth weight in women with pregnancy-associated gingivitis. J Periodontol. 2005 Nov;76(11 Suppl):2144-53.
López NJ, Smith PC, Gutierrez J Higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in women with periodontal disease. J Dent Res. 2002 Jan;81(1):58-63.
López NJ, Smith PC, Gutierrez J Periodontal therapy may reduce the risk of preterm low birth weight in women with periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2002 Aug;73(8):911-24.
López R Periodontal disease, preterm birth and low birthweight. Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(4):90-1.
Lue HC, Wu MH, Wang JK, Wu FF, Wu YN Long-term outcome of patients with rheumatic fever receiving benzathine penicillin G prophylaxis every three weeks versus every four weeks. J Pediatr. 1994 Nov;125(5 Pt 1):812-6.
Lue HC, Wu MH, Wang JK, Wu FF, Wu YN Three- versus four-week administration of benzathine penicillin G: effects on incidence of streptococcal infections and recurrences of rheumatic fever. Pediatrics. 1996 Jun;97(6 Pt 2):984-8.
LUND A Elimination of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the organism. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1951;7(4):297-308.
LUND A Release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the suprarenal gland. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1951;7(4):309-20.
Lund CJ, Donovan JC Blood volume during pregnancy. Significance of plasma and red cell volumes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1967 Jun 1;98(3):394-403.
Malamed SF Ação clínica de agentes específicos. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF Allergy and toxic reactions to local anesthetics. Dent Today. 2003 Apr;22(4):114-6, 118-21.
Malamed SF Avaliação física e psicológica. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF Farmacologia dos anestésicos locais. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF Farmacologia dos vasoconstritores. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF Neurofisiologia. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF O tubete. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF Técnicas de injeção suplementares. In: Malamed SF, editor. Manual de anestesia local. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2001. p. 43-65.
Malamed SF The periodontal ligament (PDL) injection: an alternative to inferior alveolar nerve block. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982 Feb;53(2):117-21.
Menezes Ada S Jr, Moreira HG, Daher MT Analysis of heart rate variability in hypertensive patients before and after treatment with angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitors. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2004 Aug;83(2):169-72; 165-8. Epub 2004 Aug 17. English, Portuguese.
Meral G, Tasar F, Sayin F, Saysel M, Kir S, Karabulut E Effects of lidocaine with and without epinephrine on plasma epinephrine and lidocaine concentrations and hemodynamic values during third molar surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005 Aug;100(2):e25-30.
Meyer FU Haemodynamic changes under emotional stress following a minor surgical procedure under local anaesthesia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987 Dec;16(6):688-94.
Meyer FU Hemodynamic changes of local dental anesthesia in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986 Sep;24(9):477-81.
Mount GJ, Hume WR A new cavity classification. Aust Dent J. 1998 Jun;43(3):153-9.
Mount GJ, Hume WR A revised classification of carious lesions by site and size. Quintessence Int. 1997 May;28(5):301-3.
Mount GJ A new classification and techniques for simple restorative dentistry. Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg. 1998 Oct;14:94-8. Review.
Naftalin LW, Yagiela JA Vasoconstrictors: indications and precautions. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):733-46, ix. Review.
Nahum GG, Uhl K, Kennedy DL Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation: what is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May;107(5):1120-38. Review.
Naidoo DP, Desai DK, Moodley J Maternal deaths due to pre-existing cardiac disease. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2002 Jan-Feb;13(1):17-20. Review.
Narahashi T, Frazier T, Yamada M The site of action and active form of local anesthetics. I. Theory and pH experiments with tertiary compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1970 Jan;171(1):32-44.
Niwa H, Sato Y, Matsuura H Safety of dental treatment in patients with previously diagnosed acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Jan;89(1):35-41.
Niwa H, Satoh Y, Matsuura H Cardiovascular responses to epinephrine-containing local anesthetics for dental use: a comparison of hemodynamic responses to infiltration anesthesia and ergometer-stress testing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Aug;90(2):171-81.
Niwa H, Sugimura M, Satoh Y, Tanimoto A Cardiovascular response to epinephrine-containing local anesthesia in patients with cardiovascular disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001 Dec;92(6):610-6.
Nusstein J, Burns Y, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J Injection pain and postinjection pain of the palatal-anterior superior alveolar injection, administered with the Wand Plus system, comparing 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine to 3% mepivacaine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004 Feb;97(2):164-72.
Nusstein J, Claffey E, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J Anesthetic effectiveness of the supplemental intraligamentary injection, administered with a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system, in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2005 May
Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck FM Anesthetic efficacy of different volumes of lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Gen Dent. 2002 Jul-Aug;50(4):372-5; quiz 376-7.
Oliver G, Schäfer EA The Physiological Effects of Extracts of the Suprarenal Capsules. J Physiol. 1895 Jul 18;18(3):230-76.
Palatini P, Frigo G, Bertolo O, Roman E, Da Cortà R, Winnicki M Validation of the A&D TM-2430 device for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and evaluation of performance according to subjects' characteristics. Blood Press Monit. 1998 Aug;3(4):255-260.
Pallasch TJ Vasoconstrictors and the heart. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1998 Sep;26(9):668-73, 676. Review.
Poppers PJ Evaluation of local anaesthetic agents for regional anaesthesia in obstetrics. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Feb;47 suppl:322-7.
PRITCHARD JA CHANGES IN THE BLOOD VOLUME DURING PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY. Anesthesiology. 1965 Jul-Aug;26:393-9. Review.
Ray P, Murphy GJ, Shutt LE Recognition and management of maternal cardiac disease in pregnancy. Br J Anaesth. 2004 Sep;93(3):428-39. Epub 2004 Jun 11. Review.
Ritchie JM, Greene NM Anestésicos locais. In: Gilman AG,Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F, editors. As bases farmacológicas da terapêutica. 7ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Guanabara; 1987. p. 198-210.
Robson SC, Hunter S, Boys RJ, Dunlop W Serial study of factors influencing changes in cardiac output during human pregnancy. Am J Physiol. 1989 Apr;256(4 Pt 2):H1060-5.
Rogers MC Principles and practice of anesthesiology. St. Louis: Mosby; 1993.
Rogers SN Dental attendance in a sample of pregnant women in Birmingham, UK. Community Dent Health. 1991 Dec;8(4):361-8.
Rood JP, Cannell H Plasma levels of lignocaine after peri-oral injections of two different concentrations. Pharmacol Ther Dent. 1978;3(1):45-7.
Setnikar I Ionization of bases with limited solubility. Investigation of substances with local anesthetic activity. J Pharm Sci. 1966 Nov;55(11):1190-5.
SHIP II The response of systolic and diastolic blood pressures to dental stress. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1960 Apr;13:499-507.
Silberman SL, Cohen LA, Meydrech EF Dental anxiety and needs in low-income pregnant women. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980 Apr;8(2):114-5.
Strichartz G Molecular mechanisms of nerve block by local anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1976 Oct;45(4):421-41.
Sveen K Effect of the addition of a vasoconstrictor to local anesthetic solution on operative and postoperative bleeding, analgesia and wound healing. Int J Oral Surg. 1979 Aug;8(4):301-6.
Szekely P, Turner R, Snaith L Pregnancy and the changing pattern of rheumatic heart disease. Br Heart J. 1973 Dec;35(12):1293-303.
Tagger E, Tagger M, Sarnat H, Mass E Periodontal ligament injection in the dog primary dentition: spread of local anaesthetic solution. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1994 Sep;4(3):159-66.
Tagger M, Tagger E, Sarnat H Periodontal ligament injection: spread of the solution in the dog. J Endod. 1994 Jun;20(6):283-7.
Tarasoutchi F, Spina GS Profilaxia da febre reumática. Rev Soc Cardiol Estado de São Paulo 15(1): 85-91, 2005.
Teerlink JR, Foster E Valvular heart disease in pregnancy. A contemporary perspective. Cardiol Clin. 1998 Aug;16(3):573-98, x. Review.
Timm NH Multivariate analysis with applications in education and psychology. Monterrey: CA Brooks/Cole; 1975.
Trierweiler MW, Freeman RK, James J Baseline fetal heart rate characteristics as an indicator of fetal status during the antepartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976 Jul 1;125(5):618-23.
Tucker GT Plasma binding and disposition of local anesthetics. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1975 Winter;13(4):33-59.
van Mook WN, Peeters L Severe cardiac disease in pregnancy, part I: hemodynamic changes and complaints during pregnancy, and general management of cardiac disease in pregnancy. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005 Oct;11(5):430-4. Review.
van Mook WN, Peeters L Severe cardiac disease in pregnancy, part II: impact of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases during pregnancy. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005 Oct;11(5):435-48. Review.
Vanderheyden PJ, Williams RA, Sims TN Assessment of ST segment depression in patients with cardiac disease after local anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1989 Sep;119(3):407-12.
VERNALE CA Cardiovascular responses to local dental anesthesia with epinephrine in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1960 Aug;13:942-52.
Villablanca AC Heart disease during pregnancy. Which cardiovascular changes are normal or transient? Postgrad Med. 1998 Oct;104(4):183-4, 187-92. Review.
Villablanca AC Heart disease during pregnancy. Which cardiovascular changes reflect disease? Postgrad Med. 1998 Nov;104(5):149-56. Review.
Vonesh EF, Schork MA Sample sizes in the multivariate analysis of repeated measurements. Biometrics. 1986 Sep;42(3):601-10.
Walton RE, Abbott BJ Periodontal ligament injection: a clinical evaluation. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981 Oct;103(4):571-5.
Walton RE, Garnick JJ The periodontal ligament injection: histologic effects on the periodontium in monkeys. J Endod. 1982 Jan;8(1):22-6.
Weiner N, Taylor P Transmissão neuro-humoral: sistemas nervosos autônomo e motor somático. In: Gilman AG, Goodman LS,Rall TW, Murad F, editors. As bases farmacológicas da terapêutica. 7ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 1987. p. 43-65.
West GA, Reid KH, Bastawi AE Autonomic responses to dental procedures in pedodontic patients during a standard restoration session. J Dent Res. 1983 Jun;62(6):728-32.
Wood M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Padgett D, Weaver J Comparison of intraosseous and infiltration injections for venous lidocaine blood concentrations and heart rate changes after injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. J Endod. 2005 Ju
Yagiela JA, Duffin SR, Hunt LM Drug interactions and vasoconstrictors used in local anesthetic solutions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985 Jun;59(6):565-71.
Yagiela JA Intravascular lidocaine toxicity: influence of epinephrine and route of administration. Anesth Prog. 1985 Mar-Apr;32(2):57-61.
Yagiela JA Local anesthetics: a century of progress. Anesth Prog. 1985 Mar-Apr;32(2):47-56.
Yagiela JA Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia. Anesth Prog. 1995;42(3-4):116-20. Review.
Maternal-Fetal Monitoring of Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease During Dental Procedure Under Local Anesthesia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.