Pregnancy — Pulse and Constitution of Pregnant Women
Citation(s)
Khalil SF, Mohktar MS, Ibrahim F The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases. Sensors (Basel). 2014 Jun 19;14(6):10895-928. doi: 10.3390/s140610895.
Pollonini L, Padhye NS, Re R, Torricelli A, Simpson RJ, Dacso CC Pulse transit time measured by photoplethysmography improves the accuracy of heart rate as a surrogate measure of cardiac output, stroke volume and oxygen uptake in response to graded exercise. Physiol Meas. 2015 May;36(5):911-24. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/5/911. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Sanghavi M, Rutherford JD Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy. Circulation. 2014 Sep 16;130(12):1003-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029. No abstract available.
Zhang YL, Zheng YY, Ma ZC, Sun YN Radial pulse transit time is an index of arterial stiffness. Hypertens Res. 2011 Jul;34(7):884-7. doi: 10.1038/hr.2011.41. Epub 2011 May 19.
Prediction of Pregnancy Constitutions and Pregnancy Slippery Pulse Using ANSWatch
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
