Pregnancy Related — Cervical Stiffness Measurement in Cervical Insufficiency
Citation(s)
ACOG Practice Bulletin No 142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Feb;123(2 Pt 1):372-379. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000443276.68274.cc.
Badir S, Bajka M, Mazza E A novel procedure for the mechanical characterization of the uterine cervix during pregnancy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013 Nov;27:143-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.11.020. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
Badir S, Mazza E, Zimmermann R, Bajka M Cervical softening occurs early in pregnancy: characterization of cervical stiffness in 100 healthy women using the aspiration technique. Prenat Diagn. 2013 Aug;33(8):737-41. doi: 10.1002/pd.4116. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
Bauer M, Mazza E, Jabareen M, Sultan L, Bajka M, Lang U, Zimmermann R, Holzapfel GA Assessment of the in vivo biomechanical properties of the human uterine cervix in pregnancy using the aspiration test: a feasibility study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009 May;144 Suppl 1:S77-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.025. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B The cost of prematurity: quantification by gestational age and birth weight. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Sep;102(3):488-92.
Iams JD, Johnson FF, Sonek J, Sachs L, Gebauer C, Samuels P Cervical competence as a continuum: a study of ultrasonographic cervical length and obstetric performance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Apr;172(4 Pt 1):1097-103; discussion 1104-6.
Lorenz JM The outcome of extreme prematurity. Semin Perinatol. 2001 Oct;25(5):348-59. Review.
Mazza E, Nava A, Hahnloser D, Jochum W, Bajka M The mechanical response of human liver and its relation to histology: an in vivo study. Med Image Anal. 2007 Dec;11(6):663-72. Epub 2007 Jul 5.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
