Pregnancy Related — The Effects of Pregnancy on Oral Health
Citation(s)
Kamate WI, Vibhute NA, Baad RK Estimation of DMFT, Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Count, Flow Rate, Ph, and Salivary Total Calcium Content in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Apr;11(4):ZC147-ZC151. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24965.9516. Epub 2017 Apr 1.
Kateeb E, Momany E Dental caries experience and associated risk indicators among Palestinian pregnant women in the Jerusalem area: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Oct 22;18(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12903-018-0628-x.
Laine M, Pienihakkinen K Salivary buffer effect in relation to late pregnancy and postpartum. Acta Odontol Scand. 2000 Feb;58(1):8-10. doi: 10.1080/000163500429361.
SILNESS J, LOE H PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964 Feb;22:121-35. doi: 10.3109/00016356408993968. No abstract available.
Srinivas SK, Parry S Periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes: time to move on? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012 Feb;21(2):121-5. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3023. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Wu M, Chen SW, Jiang SY Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:623427. doi: 10.1155/2015/623427. Epub 2015 Mar 22.
The Effects of Pregnancy on Oral Health, Salivary ph and Flow Rate
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
