Pregnancy Related — Postdural Punction Headache After Ceserian Section
Citation(s)
Chekol B, Yetneberk T, Teshome D Prevalence and associated factors of post dural puncture headache among parturients who underwent cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: A systemic review and meta-analysis, 2021. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Jun 2;66:1024
Lee SI, Sandhu S, Djulbegovic B, Mhaskar RS Impact of spinal needle type on postdural puncture headache among women undergoing Cesarean section surgery under spinal anesthesia: A meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2018 Aug;11(3):136-144. doi: 10.1111/jebm.
Mowafy SMS, Ellatif SEA Effectiveness of nebulized dexmedetomidine for treatment of post-dural puncture headache in parturients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. J Anesth. 2021 Aug;35(4):515-524.
Investigation of the Effect of Needle Thickness on Postdural Puncture Headache: a Prospective Randomized Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
