Pregnancy Complications — Gasdermin-D and Pannexin-1 in Pregnancy
Citation(s)
Abrahams VM, Tang Z, Mor G, Guller S NLRP3 inflammasome function and pyroptotic cell death in human placental Hofbauer cells. J Reprod Immunol. 2020 Nov;142:103214. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103214. Epub 2020 Oct 3.
Broz P, Pelegrín P, Shao F The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Mar;20(3):143-157. doi: 10.1038/s41577-019-0228-2. Epub 2019 Nov 5. Review.
Dye ZT, Rutledge LV, Penuela S, Dyce PW Pannexin 1 inhibition delays maturation and improves development of Bos taurus oocytes. J Ovarian Res. 2020 Aug 24;13(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s13048-020-00704-w.
Estienne A, Bongrani A, Reverchon M, Ramé C, Ducluzeau PH, Froment P, Dupont J Involvement of Novel Adipokines, Chemerin, Visfatin, Resistin and Apelin in Reproductive Functions in Normal and Pathological Conditions in Humans and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 9;20(18). pii: E4431. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184431. Review.
Stubert J, Reister F, Hartmann S, Janni W The Risks Associated With Obesity in Pregnancy. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Apr 20;115(16):276-283. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0276. Review.
Tozzi M, Hansen JB, Novak I Pannexin-1 mediated ATP release in adipocytes is sensitive to glucose and insulin and modulates lipolysis and macrophage migration. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020 Feb;228(2):e13360. doi: 10.1111/apha.13360. Epub 2019 Oct 14.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
