Pre-Eclampsia — Cardiovascular Changes in Infants of Preeclampsia Mother
Citation(s)
Ananth CV, Keyes KM, Wapner RJ Pre-eclampsia rates in the United States, 1980-2010: age-period-cohort analysis. BMJ. 2013 Nov 7;347:f6564. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f6564.
Hansen AR, Barnés CM, Folkman J, McElrath TF Maternal preeclampsia predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2010 Apr;156(4):532-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.018. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
Marins LR, Anizelli LB, Romanowski MD, Sarquis AL How does preeclampsia affect neonates? Highlights in the disease's immunity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Apr;32(7):1205-1212. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1401996. Epub 2017 Nov 20. Review.
Ness RB, Sibai BM Shared and disparate components of the pathophysiologies of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul;195(1):40-9. Epub 2006 Apr 21. Review.
Cardiovascular Changes in the Infants of Mothers With Preeclampsia and Factors Associated With Neonatal Outcomes
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
