Cameron IM, Crawford JR, Lawton K, Reid IC Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2008 Jan;58(546):32-6. doi: 10.3399/bjgp08X263794.
Dave A, Ganesh A, Adil MM, Tsao JW Practice Current: How do you diagnose and treat post-concussive headache? Neurol Clin Pract. 2019 Jun;9(3):263-270. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000656.
Holtkamp MD, Grimes J, Ling G Concussion in the Military: an Evidence-Base Review of mTBI in US Military Personnel Focused on Posttraumatic Headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016 Jun;20(6):37. doi: 10.1007/s11916-016-0572-x.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Lowe B The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010 Jul-Aug;32(4):345-59. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006. Epub 2010 May 7.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
Lew HL, Lin PH, Fuh JL, Wang SJ, Clark DJ, Walker WC Characteristics and treatment of headache after traumatic brain injury: a focused review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Jul;85(7):619-27. doi: 10.1097/01.phm.0000223235.09931.c0.
McGeary DD, McGeary CA, Gatchel RJ, Allison S, Hersh A Assessment of research quality of telehealth trials in pain management: a meta-analysis. Pain Pract. 2013 Jun;13(5):422-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00601.x. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
McGeary DD, McGeary CA, Gatchel RJ A comprehensive review of telehealth for pain management: where we are and the way ahead. Pain Pract. 2012 Sep;12(7):570-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00534.x. Epub 2012 Feb 5.
Minen M, Jinich S, Vallespir Ellett G Behavioral Therapies and Mind-Body Interventions for Posttraumatic Headache and Post-Concussive Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Headache. 2019 Feb;59(2):151-163. doi: 10.1111/head.13455. Epub 2018 Dec 1.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
Theeler BJ, Flynn FG, Erickson JC Headaches after concussion in US soldiers returning from Iraq or Afghanistan. Headache. 2010 Sep;50(8):1262-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01700.x. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
Project MARCH: Multisite Advancement of Research on Chronic Posttraumatic Headache
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
