Postoperative Pain — Prophylactic Mesh Reinforcement for Stoma Closure
Citation(s)
Chow A, Tilney HS, Paraskeva P, Jeyarajah S, Zacharakis E, Purkayastha S The morbidity surrounding reversal of defunctioning ileostomies: a systematic review of 48 studies including 6,107 cases. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009 Jun;24(6):711-23. doi: 10.1007/s00384-009-0660-z. Epub 2009 Feb 17.
Lee JH, Ahn BK, Lee KH Complications Following the Use of Biologic Mesh in Ileostomy Closure: A Retrospective, Comparative Study. Wound Manag Prev. 2020 Jun;66(6):16-22.
Liu DS, Banham E, Yellapu S Prophylactic mesh reinforcement reduces stomal site incisional hernia after ileostomy closure. World J Surg. 2013 Sep;37(9):2039-45. doi: 10.1007/s00268-013-2109-3.
Mohamedahmed AYY, Stonelake S, Zaman S, Hajibandeh S Closure of stoma site with or without prophylactic mesh reinforcement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2020 Aug;35(8):1477-1488. doi: 10.1007/s00384-020-03681-0. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
