Postoperative Pain — Postoperative Analgesia of TAP Block for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Citation(s)
Basaran B, Basaran A, Kozanhan B, Kasdogan E, Eryilmaz MA, Ozmen S Analgesia and respiratory function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients receiving ultrasound-guided bilateral oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block: a randomized double-blind study. Med Sci Monit. 2015 May 7;21:1304-12. doi: 10.12659/MSM.893593.
Ganapathy S, Sondekoppam RV, Terlecki M, Brookes J, Das Adhikary S, Subramanian L Comparison of efficacy and safety of lateral-to-medial continuous transversus abdominis plane block with thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery: A randomised, open-label feasibility study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Nov;32(11):797-804. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000345.
Hebbard PD, Barrington MJ, Vasey C Ultrasound-guided continuous oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane blockade: description of anatomy and clinical technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;35(5):436-41. doi: 10.1097/aap.0b013e3181e66702.
Lissauer J, Mancuso K, Merritt C, Prabhakar A, Kaye AD, Urman RD Evolution of the transversus abdominis plane block and its role in postoperative analgesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014 Jun;28(2):117-26. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.04.001. Epub 2014 May 9.
Postoperative Efficacy of Subcostal TAP Block in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
