Postoperative Pain — Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Transversus Abdominis Block
Citation(s)
Bacal V, Rana U, McIsaac DI, Chen I Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post Hysterectomy Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2019 Jan;26(1):40-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Elsharkawy H, El-Boghdadly K, Barrington M Quadratus Lumborum Block: Anatomical Concepts, Mechanisms, and Techniques. Anesthesiology. 2019 Feb;130(2):322-335. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002524. No abstract available.
Ferreira KA, Teixeira MJ, Mendonza TR, Cleeland CS Validation of brief pain inventory to Brazilian patients with pain. Support Care Cancer. 2011 Apr;19(4):505-11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-010-0844-7. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Kelley WE Jr The evolution of laparoscopy and the revolution in surgery in the decade of the 1990s. JSLS. 2008 Oct-Dec;12(4):351-7. No abstract available.
Suner ZC, Kalayci D, Sen O, Kaya M, Unver S, Oguz G Postoperative analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy: Is the transversus abdominis plane block effective? Niger J Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;22(4):478-484. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_61_15.
Verma K, Malawat A, Jethava D, Jethava DD Comparison of transversus abdominis plane block and quadratus lumborum block for post-caesarean section analgesia: A randomised clinical trial. Indian J Anaesth. 2019 Oct;63(10):820-826. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_61_19. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
