Fernández Martín MT, López Álvarez S, Pérez Herrero MA Serratus-intercostal interfascial block as an opioid-saving strategy in supra-umbilical open surgery. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2018 Oct;65(8):456-460. doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 Ma
Fernández Martín MT, López Álvarez S, Sanllorente Sebastián R Serratus anterior plane block for upper abdominal incisions has been previously reported. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2019 Sep;47(5):472-473. doi: 10.1177/0310057X19870546. Epub 2019 Aug 25.
Fernandez MT, Lopez S, Ortigosa E Reply to Dr Wang et al: serratus-intercostal block as opioids-saving strategy in supraumbilical surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Feb 16. pii: rapm-2019-100384. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100384. [Epub ahead of print]
Hamilton DL, Manickam BP Is a Thoracic Fascial Plane Block the Answer to Upper Abdominal Wall Analgesia? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 Nov;43(8):891-892. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000838.
Serratus Intercostal Plane Block in Supraumbilical Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Comparison
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
