Postoperative Pain — Dexamethasone Versus Dexmedetomidine
Citation(s)
Abdallah FW, Brull R Facilitatory effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on neuraxial and peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jun;110(6):915-25. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet066. Epub 2013 Apr 15. Review.
Almarakbi WA, Kaki AM Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block potentiates post-operative pain relief among abdominal hysterectomy patients: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 2014 Apr;8(2):161-6. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.130683.
Ammar AS, Mahmoud KM Effect of adding dexamethasone to bupivacaine on transversus abdominis plane block for abdominal hysterectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 2012 Jul;6(3):229-33. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.101213.
Gadsden J, Ayad S, Gonzales JJ, Mehta J, Boublik J, Hutchins J Evolution of transversus abdominis plane infiltration techniques for postsurgical analgesia following abdominal surgeries. Local Reg Anesth. 2015 Dec 10;8:113-7. doi: 10.2147/LRA.S96253. eCollection 2015.
Dexamethasone Versus Dexmedetomidine as Local Anesthetic Adjuvants in Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Total Abdominal Hysterectomies
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
