Postoperative Pain — Effect of Root Canal Treatment (Versus no Treatment) for Patients With Tooth Infections and Toothaches
Citation(s)
Henry M, Reader A, Beck M Effect of penicillin on postoperative endodontic pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. J Endod. 2001 Feb;27(2):117-23.
Houck V, Reader A, Beck M, Nist R, Weaver J Effect of trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Oct;90(4):507-13.
Nist E, Reader A, Beck M Effect of apical trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. J Endod. 2001 Jun;27(6):415-20.
Nusstein JM, Reader A, Beck M Effect of drainage upon access on postoperative endodontic pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. J Endod. 2002 Aug;28(8):584-8.
Wells LK, Drum M, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M Efficacy of Ibuprofen and ibuprofen/acetaminophen on postoperative pain in symptomatic patients with a pulpal diagnosis of necrosis. J Endod. 2011 Dec;37(12):1608-12. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.08.026. Epub 2011 Oct 1.
Effect on Initial Endodontic Treatment on Postoperative Pain in Symptomatic Teeth With Pulpal Necrosis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
