NCT02639728 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Lohsiriwat S, Kongmuang P, Leelakusolvong S
Effects of caffeine on anorectal manometric findings. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Jun;51(6):928-31. doi: 10.1007/s10350-008-9271-y. Epub 2008 Mar 19.
Müller SA, Rahbari NN, Schneider F, Warschkow R, Simon T, von Frankenberg M, Bork U, Weitz J, Schmied BM, Büchler MW
Randomized clinical trial on the effect of coffee on postoperative ileus following elective colectomy. Br J Surg. 2012 Nov;99(11):1530-8. doi: 10.1002/bjs.8885. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
Rao SS, Welcher K, Zimmerman B, Stumbo P
Is coffee a colonic stimulant? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Feb;10(2):113-8.
Sloots CE, Felt-Bersma RJ, West RL, Kuipers EJ
Stimulation of defecation: effects of coffee use and nicotine on rectal tone and visceral sensitivity. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul;40(7):808-13.

Prospective Study of the Effect of Coffee Consumption in Enhancing Recovery of Bowel Function Following Colorectal Surgery.

Clinical trial NCT02639728 - References