Postoperative Complications — Dilute Betadine Soak and Scrub for Foot and Ankle Surgery
Citation(s)
Butterworth P, Gilheany MF, Tinley P Postoperative infection rates in foot and ankle surgery: a clinical audit of Australian podiatric surgeons, January to December 2007. Aust Health Rev. 2010 May;34(2):180-5. doi: 10.1071/AH08687.
Hunter JG, Dawson LK, Soin SP, Baumhauer JF Randomized, Prospective Study of the Order of Preoperative Preparation Solutions for Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2016 May;37(5):478-82. doi: 10.1177/1071100715623037. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Ostrander RV, Botte MJ, Brage ME Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in foot and ankle surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 May;87(5):980-5.
Sands K, Vineyard G, Platt R Surgical site infections occurring after hospital discharge. J Infect Dis. 1996 Apr;173(4):963-70.
Yammine K, Harvey A Efficacy of preparation solutions and cleansing techniques on contamination of the skin in foot and ankle surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone Joint J. 2013 Apr;95-B(4):498-503. Review.
Randomized Trial of Dilute Betadine Soak and Scrub for Foot and Ankle Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
