Postmenopausal Osteoporosis — High Intensity Multi-Modal Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Women
Citation(s)
Gianoudis J, Bailey CA, Sanders KM, Nowson CA, Hill K, Ebeling PR, Daly RM Osteo-cise: strong bones for life: protocol for a community-based randomised controlled trial of a multi-modal exercise and osteoporosis education program for older adults at risk of falls and fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 May 28;13:78. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-78.
Marques EA, Mota J, Machado L, Sousa F, Coelho M, Moreira P, Carvalho J Multicomponent training program with weight-bearing exercises elicits favorable bone density, muscle strength, and balance adaptations in older women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2011 Feb;88(2):117-29. doi: 10.1007/s00223-010-9437-1. Epub 2010 Nov 27.
Watson S, Weeks B, Weis L, Harding A, Horan S, Beck B High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Mar;34(3):572. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3659. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ, Harding AT, Horan SA, Beck BR High-intensity exercise did not cause vertebral fractures and improves thoracic kyphosis in postmenopausal women with low to very low bone mass: the LIFTMOR trial. Osteoporos Int. 2019 May;30(5):957-964. doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-04829-z. Epub 2019 Jan 5.
Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ, Harding AT, Horan SA, Beck BR High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Feb;33(2):211-220. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3284. Epub 2017 Oct 4. Erratum in: J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Mar;34(3):572.
Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ, Horan SA, Beck BR Heavy resistance training is safe and improves bone, function, and stature in postmenopausal women with low to very low bone mass: novel early findings from the LIFTMOR trial. Osteoporos Int. 2015 Dec;26(12):2889-94. doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3263-2. Epub 2015 Aug 5.
Effects of High Intensity Multi-Modal Exercise Training on Bone Density and Functional Performance in Postmenopausal Women
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
