Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation. J Trauma Stress. 2015 Dec;28(6):489-98. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
Briere J, Weathers FW, Runtz M Is dissociation a multidimensional construct? Data from the Multiscale Dissociation Inventory. J Trauma Stress. 2005 Jun;18(3):221-31.
Gratz, K L., Roemer, L. Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 26, 41-54 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Mehling WE, Acree M, Stewart A, Silas J, Jones A The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Version 2 (MAIA-2). PLoS One. 2018 Dec 4;13(12):e0208034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208034. eCollection 2018.
Mitchell AM, Crane PA, Kim Y Perceived stress in survivors of suicide: psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale. Res Nurs Health. 2008 Dec;31(6):576-85. doi: 10.1002/nur.20284.
Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
Wittmann L, Schnyder U, Büchi S PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure): a new method for the assessment of suffering after trauma. J Trauma Stress. 2012 Feb;25(1):94-7. doi: 10.1002/jts.20710. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
Program for Alleviating and Resolving Trauma and Stress Study (Stage 1 Pilot)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
