Post Operative Pain — Effect of Acupressure on Postoperative Pain With Gynecologıcal Surgery
Citation(s)
Alimoradi Z, Kazemi F, Valiani M, Gorji M Comparing the effect of auricular acupressure and body acupressure on pain and duration of the first stage of labor: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Dec 23;20(1):766. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3896-0.
Erden S, Guler S, Tura I, Basibuyuk IF, Arslan UE Evaluating patient outcomes in postoperative pain management according to the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R). Appl Nurs Res. 2023 Oct;73:151734. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151734. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
Kidanemariam BY, Elsholz T, Simel LL, Tesfamariam EH, Andemeskel YM Utilization of non-pharmacological methods and the perceived barriers for adult postoperative pain management by the nurses at selected National Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. BMC Nurs. 2020 Oct 22;19:100. doi: 10.1186/s12912-020-00492-0. eCollection 2020.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
