Plasmodium Knowlesi Infection — Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Plasmodium Knowlesi
Citation(s)
Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Yeo TW, Anstey NM Limitations of microscopy to differentiate Plasmodium species in a region co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. Malar J. 2013 Jan 8;12:8. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-8.
Imai N, White MT, Ghani AC, Drakeley CJ Transmission and control of Plasmodium knowlesi: a mathematical modelling study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Jul 24;8(7):e2978. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002978. eCollection 2014 Jul.
Komaki-Yasuda K, Vincent JP, Nakatsu M, Kato Y, Ohmagari N, Kano S A novel PCR-based system for the detection of four species of human malaria parasites and Plasmodium knowlesi. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 25;13(1):e0191886. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191886. eCollection 2018.
Richards J, Mueller I Identifying the risks for human transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi. Lancet Planet Health. 2017 Jun;1(3):e83-e85. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30053-0. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
Singh B, Daneshvar C Human infections and detection of Plasmodium knowlesi. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Apr;26(2):165-84. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00079-12. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
