Physical Function — VR Motor-cognitive Training for Older People With Cognitive Frailty
Citation(s)
Chau MWR, Chan SP, Wong YW, Lau MYP Reliability and validity of the Modified Functional Ambulation Classification in patients with hip fracture. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal. 2013; 31(1): 41-44.
de Vries AW, Faber G, Jonkers I, Van Dieen JH, Verschueren SMP Virtual reality balance training for elderly: Similar skiing games elicit different challenges in balance training. Gait Posture. 2018 Jan;59:111-116. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.006. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
Lauenroth A, Ioannidis AE, Teichmann B Influence of combined physical and cognitive training on cognition: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2016 Jul 18;16:141. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0315-1. Review.
Lawton MP, Brody EM Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86.
Monaco M, Costa A, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA Forward and backward span for verbal and visuo-spatial data: standardization and normative data from an Italian adult population. Neurol Sci. 2013 May;34(5):749-54. doi: 10.1007/s10072-012-1130-x. Epub 2012 Jun 12. Erratum in: Neurol Sci. 2015 Feb;36(2):345-7.
Ruan Q, Yu Z, Chen M, Bao Z, Li J, He W Cognitive frailty, a novel target for the prevention of elderly dependency. Ageing Res Rev. 2015 Mar;20:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 30. Review.
Scarpina F, Tagini S The Stroop Color and Word Test. Front Psychol. 2017 Apr 12;8:557. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00557. eCollection 2017. Review.
Tait JL, Duckham RL, Milte CM, Main LC, Daly RM Influence of Sequential vs. Simultaneous Dual-Task Exercise Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Nov 7;9:368. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00368. eCollection 2017. Review.
Tong AYC, Man DWK The Validation of the Hong Kong Chinese Version of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale for Institutionalized Elderly Persons. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. 2002; 22(4): 132-142.
Yeung PY, Wong LL, Chan CC, Leung JL, Yung CY A validation study of the Hong Kong version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) in Chinese older adults in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J. 2014 Dec;20(6):504-10. doi: 10.12809/hkmj144219. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
Virtual Reality Motor-cognitive Training for Older People With Cognitive Frailty: The Implementation of the Prototype
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.