Physical Activity — Screening While You Wait: An Intervention to Facilitate Exercise in Primary Care
Citation(s)
Lippke S, Schwarzer R, Ziegelmann JP, Scholz U, Schüz B Testing stage-specific effects of a stage-matched intervention: a randomized controlled trial targeting physical exercise and its predictors. Health Educ Behav. 2010 Aug;37(4):533-46. doi: 10.1177/1090198109359386. Epub 2010 Jun 14.
Lippke S, Ziegelmann JP, Schwarzer R Initiation and Maintenance of Physical Exercise: Stage-Specific Effects of a Planning Intervention. Research in Sports Medicine 12: 221-240, 2004.
Lippke S, Ziegelmann JP, Schwarzer R Stage-specific adoption and maintenance of physical activity: testing a three-stage model. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 6 (5): 585-603, 2005.
Schwarzer R, Lippke S, Luszczynska A Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Rehabil Psychol. 2011 Aug;56(3):161-70. doi: 10.1037/a0024509.
Schwarzer R Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Applied Psychology 2008 Jan;57(1):1-29.
Screening While You Wait: A Technology-based Intervention to Facilitate Actionable Exercise Prescriptions in Primary Care
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
