Pharmacokinetics — Pharmacokinetics of Amiloride Nasal Spray in Healthy Volunteers
Citation(s)
Battaglia M, Pesenti-Gritti P, Medland SE, Ogliari A, Tambs K, Spatola CA A genetically informed study of the association between childhood separation anxiety, sensitivity to CO(2), panic disorder, and the effect of childhood parental loss. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;66(1):64-71. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.513.
Battaglia M, Rossignol O, Bachand K, D'Amato FR, De Koninck Y Amiloride modulation of carbon dioxide hypersensitivity and thermal nociceptive hypersensitivity induced by interference with early maternal environment. J Psychopharmacol. 2019 Jan;33(1):101-108. doi: 10.1177/0269881118784872. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Sood N, Bennett WD, Zeman K, Brown J, Foy C, Boucher RC, Knowles MR Increasing concentration of inhaled saline with or without amiloride: effect on mucociliary clearance in normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jan 15;167(2):158-63. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200204-293OC. Epub 2002 Oct 31.
Yellepeddi VK Stability of extemporaneously prepared preservative-free prochlorperazine nasal spray. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2018 Jan 1;75(1):e28-e35. doi: 10.2146/ajhp160531.
Pharmacokinetics of Amiloride Nasal Spray in Healthy Volunteers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
