Peripheral Venous Access — Development and Evaluation of an Algorithm for Vascular Access Management
Citation(s)
Adams DZ, Little A, Vinsant C, Khandelwal S The Midline Catheter: A Clinical Review. J Emerg Med. 2016 Sep;51(3):252-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.05.029. Epub 2016 Jul 5.
Adhikari S, Blaivas M, Morrison D, Lander L Comparison of infection rates among ultrasound-guided versus traditionally placed peripheral intravenous lines. J Ultrasound Med. 2010 May;29(5):741-7. doi: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.5.741. Erratum In: J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Jan;42(1):261.
Adhikari S, Schmier C, Marx J Focused simulation training: emergency department nurses' confidence and comfort level in performing ultrasound-guided vascular access. J Vasc Access. 2015 Nov-Dec;16(6):515-20. doi: 10.5301/jva.5000436. Epub 2015 Jun 20.
Bauman M, Braude D, Crandall C Ultrasound-guidance vs. standard technique in difficult vascular access patients by ED technicians. Am J Emerg Med. 2009 Feb;27(2):135-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.02.005.
Bjorkander M, Bentzer P, Schott U, Broman ME, Kander T Mechanical complications of central venous catheter insertions: A retrospective multicenter study of incidence and risks. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019 Jan;63(1):61-68. doi: 10.1111/aas.13214. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Cai EZ, Sankaran K, Tan M, Chan YH, Lim TC Pen Torch Transillumination: Difficult Venepuncture Made Easy. World J Surg. 2017 Sep;41(9):2401-2408. doi: 10.1007/s00268-017-4050-3.
Chooi CS, White AM, Tan SG, Dowling K, Cyna AM Pain vs comfort scores after Caesarean section: a randomized trial. Br J Anaesth. 2013 May;110(5):780-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes517. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
Debillon T, Zupan V, Ravault N, Magny JF, Dehan M Development and initial validation of the EDIN scale, a new tool for assessing prolonged pain in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2001 Jul;85(1):F36-41. doi: 10.1136/fn.85.1.f36.
Girotto C, Arpone M, Frigo AC, Micheletto M, Mazza A, Da Dalt L, Bressan S External validation of the DIVA and DIVA3 clinical predictive rules to identify difficult intravenous access in paediatric patients. Emerg Med J. 2020 Dec;37(12):762-767. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209658. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Laksonen RP Jr, Gasiewicz NK Implementing a Program for Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Venous Access: Training, Policy and Procedure Development, Protocol Use, Competency, and Skill Tracking. Nurs Clin North Am. 2015 Dec;50(4):771-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2015.07.010.
Liu YT, Alsaawi A, Bjornsson HM Ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access: a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials. Eur J Emerg Med. 2014 Feb;21(1):18-23. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328363bebc.
Lockwood J, Desai N Central venous access. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019 Aug 2;80(8):C114-C119. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.80.8.C114.
Loon FHJV, Puijn LAPM, Houterman S, Bouwman ARA Development of the A-DIVA Scale: A Clinical Predictive Scale to Identify Difficult Intravenous Access in Adult Patients Based on Clinical Observations. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Apr;95(16):e3428. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003428.
van Loon FHJ, Buise MP, Claassen JJF, Dierick-van Daele ATM, Bouwman ARA Comparison of ultrasound guidance with palpation and direct visualisation for peripheral vein cannulation in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2018 Aug;121(2):358-366. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.047. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.