Peripheral Artery Disease — Microvascular Reactivity in Peripheral Artery Disease
Citation(s)
Barnes JA, Eid MA, Creager MA, Goodney PP Epidemiology and Risk of Amputation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020 Aug;40(8):1808-1817. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314595. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Behroozian A, Beckman JA Microvascular Disease Increases Amputation in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020 Mar;40(3):534-540. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312859. Epub 2020 Feb 20. Review.
Criqui MH, Aboyans V Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease. Circ Res. 2015 Apr 24;116(9):1509-26. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849. Review. Erratum in: Circ Res. 2015 Jun 19;117(1):e12.
Duscha BD, Piner LW, Patel MP, Crawford LE, Jones WS, Patel MR, Kraus WE Effects of a 12-Week mHealth Program on FunctionalCapacity and Physical Activity in Patients With PeripheralArtery Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2018 Sep 1;122(5):879-884. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.018. Epub 2018 Jun 2.
Jones S, Chiesa ST, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the assessment of local skeletal muscle microvascular function and capacity to utilise oxygen. Artery Res. 2016 Dec;16:25-33. Review.
Olin JW, White CJ, Armstrong EJ, Kadian-Dodov D, Hiatt WR Peripheral Artery Disease: Evolving Role of Exercise, Medical Therapy, and Endovascular Options. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Mar 22;67(11):1338-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.049. Review.
Vieira de Oliveira G, Soares RN, Volino-Souza M, Murias JM, Alvares TS The association between near-infrared spectroscopy assessment of microvascular reactivity and flow-mediated dilation is disrupted in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Microcirculation. 2019 Oct;26(7):e12556. doi: 10.1111/micc.12556. Epub 2019 Jun 2.
Microvascular Reactivity in People With Peripheral Artery Disease: a Pilot Study to Determine Reliability, Validity, and Sensitivity to Change
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
